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Сообщение zhoumin1245 » 14 янв 2019, 10:22

SAN FRANCISCO Tyreek Hill Youth Jersey , Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- A new study by Stanford University scholars Jon Krosnick and Neil Malhotra shows that despite most Americans' recognizing that smoking can lead to life-threatening diseases, they don't understand how much that risk increases.


The cause, the two researchers assumed, lies in the misperception of the risk.


Published in PLOS ONE, the study analyzed data from survey interviews of more than 13,000 adults in the United States Armani Watts Youth Jersey , including smokers and non-smokers, about the prospects of developing lung cancer.


In some previous studies, researchers had asked survey respondents to report how likely they thought it is that smokers and non-smokers will develop lung cancer. If a respondent thought smokers had a 30 percent chance of developing lung cancer and non-smokers a 10 percent chance, that person thinks that smokers are 20 percentage points more likely to develop cancer.


In the new study, the researchers realized that some people might not be thinking about risk that way. Instead, they proposed Dorian O'Daniel Youth Jersey , people might perceive risk as the ratio of the two numbers, like answering the question, "How many times more likely to get lung cancer is a smoker than a non-smoker?" This ratio is called the "relative risk." In the 30 percent vs. 10 percent example, a person thinks of the smoker as three times more likely to develop lung cancer.


This seemingly small change in analytic approach has big consequences: most Americans overestimate the difference between the two rates of lung cancer, namely the risk of smoking, but the vast majority underestimate the relative risk. In essence Derrick Nnadi Youth Jersey , they are underestimating how much more likely it is for a smoker to develop lung cancer than a non-smoker.


The researchers did find that people who perceived more relative risk were less likely to start and more likely to quit smoking and those who perceived more of a difference between the two cancer rates were no more or less likely to start or stop smoking.


Therefore, Krosnick, a professor of communication and political science at Stanford, and Malhotra, a professor of political economy in the Graduate School of Business, suggested that if people naturally think about such dangers in terms of a ratio Breeland Speaks Youth Jersey , then perhaps rates of smoking would be reduced if Americans are properly informed about such ratios.


For the time being, cigarette package labels in the United States include warnings from the Surgeon General that smoking can cause specific health problems without providing numeric figures to quantify the impact; while in Australia, cigarette labels include quantitative data such as, "Tobacco smoking causes more than four times the number of deaths caused by car accidents."


"Telling people how many times that a person's chances of getting lung cancer increase due to smoking may help the public make more informed choices," Krosnick, the lead author Tanoh Kpassagnon Womens Jersey , was quoted as saying in a news release.




French AIDS drama “120 Beats Per Minute,” with a full heart and a pounding rhythm, debuted at the Cannes Film Festival on Saturday and quickly joined the shortlist of favorites for the festival’s coveted Palme d’Or prize.


Directed by Robin Campillo, the co-screenwriter of the Palme d’Or-winning film “The Class,” the movie centers on the activist group ACT UP in Paris in the 1990s during the AIDS crisis.


The film’s docu-drama retelling of that painful period, combined with a burgeoning spirit of unity for the gay community Chris Conley Womens Jersey , earned it some of the best reviews of the festival thus far. Vanity Fair called the film “a vital new gay classic.”


Campillo, himself, was an ACT UP militant activist in the ‘90s and had long wanted to turn his experience — one of both tragedy and inspiration — into a film. He called it a “crucial” time in his life.


The film, filled with personal traumas and political awakenings, is fictional but is based on real events. It tracks the activists through strategy meetings, protests meant to spur action by the government or drug companies Mitch Morse Womens Jersey , and their evening reveries on the dance floor.


“What I wanted to do was get back to the electricity there was in those days, the energy,” said Campillo.


Handicapping Palme d’Or contenders is a notoriously tricky business, since the jury that will decide the award is cloistered in secrecy.


But with about a third of the 19 Palme d’Or contenders having screened by Saturday, “120 Beats Per Minute” was hailed as a definite favorite. One of its stars, Nahuel Perez Biscayart Chris Jones Womens Jersey , was also singled out for his moving performance as an HIV-positive young man who is drawn to action.


If “120 Beats Per Minute” were to win the Palme d’Or, it would follow another, quite different gay coming-of-age film: the 2013 lesbian romance “Blue Is the Warmest Color,” directed by Abdellatif Kechiche.

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